What is soda ash?

What is soda ash? Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) called soda ash,
Soda crystals and washing soda are also known.
One of the most important industrial chemicals that is widely used
in the production of other alkali products
, Sodium salts and … are used.
Soda ash is the common name for sodium carbonate without water,
which is used industrially.
Sodium carbonate or its sodium hydroxide, in fact,
is sodium salts of carbonic acid,
which is normally in the form of Solid white.
Sodium carbonate on an industrial scale through the process of sowing
and using ammonia, limestone, and salt is produced.
One of the most important uses of sodium carbonate is in the glass industry.
Sodium carbonate has a relatively strong alkaline property and can be
extracted from the ash of many plants.

Physical and Chemical Properties of Sodium Carbonate

The melting point of sodium carbonate is 851 degrees Celsius.
This product decomposes at higher temperatures. So the boiling temperature
for this substance is not defined.
The solubility of sodium carbonate in water at 20 ° C is 215 g / l.

Physical Characteristics of carbonate

Sodium carbonate reacts with carbon dioxide and water to produce
bicarbonate sodium.
Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O → 2NaHCO3
Sodium bicarbonate produces sodium carbonate in the presence of sodium.
NaHCO3 + NaOH → Na2CO3 + H2O
The dissolution of sodium carbonate in water is a heat-reactive reaction.
For industrial applications, two types of sodium carbonate are used

• Heavy sodium carbonate
• Light Sodium Carbonate

The difference between heavy sodium carbonate and light sodium carbonate
is in density, particle size and application They are not chemically distinct.
Heavy sodium carbonate The mass density is about 1000 kg / m3 and particle
size 300-500 Micron
This kind of carbonate is often used in glass factories.
The larger particles of this kind of granule cause the absence of dust and
impurities and probability
Reduces particle flux during transport.
The density of sodium carbonate is about 500 kg / m3 and the size of sodium
carbonate’s component is about 100 microns.
Lightweight sodium carbonate is used to produce chemicals and detergents.

Application of sodium carbonate

Sodium carbonate is one of the most widely used materials in various industries.
Among the uses of sodium carbonate (soda ash), we can mention the following.

• Glass manufacturing: Sodium carbonate is used in the glass industry.
The use of this material in glass can reduce the glass formation temperature
and save energy.

• Production of chemicals: Sodium carbonate in the production of various chemicals
such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium Silicate, Sodium Triple Phosphate,
Sodium Dichromate, Sodium Aluminate, Sodium Cyanide. . . is used.

• Paper production: In the industry, sodium carbonate paper is used as a
stabilizing agent for acidity, as well as for stripping of waste paper.

• Soap and detergent production: Its use in the production of soap and detergents
is used as alkali.

• Water softening: Sodium carbonate in the ion exchange process removes
calcium and magnesium ions from the water and reduces its hardness.

• Urban Water Tanks: Soda ash, as a common additive in urban reservoirs,
is used to neutralize the acidic effect of chlorine and to increase ph.

• Home Appliance:

Sodium carbonate is used in homes as a water softener in the washing of clothes.
It resists magnesium ions and calcium in hard water and prevents the bond
formation They are used with detergent.
Without the use of sodium carbonate, an additional detergent is needed to
soak up magnesium ions and calcium Gets

• Dyeing: It is used as a bonding agent between colors and fibers.

• Food industry: As pH regulator and preservative.

• Electrolysis: As an electrolyte, it increases the rate of water decomposition.

Taxidermy: The process of removing meat from bones is used.

• Chemistry labs are used as the primary standard in titration reactions.

• Toothpaste: As a pH-enhancing agent, the flooring agent is used.

• Brick Making: As a wetting agent in the production of dough,
it reduces the amount of water used.

• Textile Industry: Used as an anti-acid agent in silk processing.

Petrochemicals and Crude Petroleum Refining: It is used as neutralizing in petrochemical processes.

• Purification of vegetable oils: acts as a free fatty acid separator.

• Smoke from smoke: In the process of sulfur removal, smoke from the flue is used.

Raw materials required for the production of sodium carbonate

The raw materials required to produce sodium carbonate by Solvay are limestone,
Normal salts and ammonia produced by the reaction of sodium carbonate below.

CaCO3 → CO2 + CaO

2NH3 + CO2 + H2O → (NH4) 2CO3

(NH4) 2CO3 + CO2 + H2O → 2NH4HCO3

NH4HCO3 + NaCl → NaHCO3 + NH4Cl

2NaHCO3 → Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O

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